International Journal of Social Science & Entrepreneurship

Global Attractive Index for Money laundering using Walker’s Gravity Model: An Approach to Determine the Preferred Destinations

2025-06-30T20:33:47+00:00

This study develops a Money Laundering Attractiveness Index (MLAI) for the countries that are preferred for money laundering. The study first discussed the concept of money laundering and the size and volume of money laundered. Walker’s Gravity Model has been used to determine the preferred destinations. The model was developed by John Walker to estimate the illegal funds flow globally. The model consists of two segments, including attractiveness and distance. Data from 2002 to 2022 has been collected and analyzed across approximately 150 countries. The study examined the flow of illegal funds from the source country to the preferred destination among all income groups classified by the World Bank. The results show that countries with stable economic conditions and a higher standard of living hold the top positions in the money laundering attractiveness index. The study underscores the need for coordinated global action and recommends revisiting current anti-money laundering strategies. The proposed index offers a valuable tool for intergovernmental bodies and policymakers to develop more targeted and effective responses against organized crimes like money laundering.

The Influence of Fintech and Technology Stock Indices on Cryptocurrencies Dynamics: A Quantile Regression Approach

2025-06-30T20:36:59+00:00

This study examines the asymmetric and nonlinear linkages between the major cryptocurrencies of Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), Binance Coin (BNB), Ripple (XRP) and the major financial indices of KBW NASDAQ Financial Technology Index and the Dow Jones Global Technology Index using Quantile-on-Quantile Regression (QQR).We investigate how bitcoin responds to the financial indices in different quantiles of the return distribution using a monthly time-series data set January 01, 2020 to December 31, 2024. Cryptocurrencies provide strong responses on quantile conditional dependence, illustrating how various market conditions impact other financial variables. These impacts emphasize the diversification and risk amplification features of cryptocurrencies and are especially evident at times of excessive market optimism and pessimism. The paper also highlights the necessity of keeping an eye on the connections between crypto assets and the financial industry in order to provide suitable regulatory responses to dangers that emerge in a sector that has been seeing significant growth. The findings of the correlation between traditional financial markets and the digital asset ecosystem will likely teach investors, policymakers, and regulators a lot.

Understanding The Influence of Remittances on Household Consumption and Investment Trends in Pakistan

2025-06-30T20:40:34+00:00

The effect of remittance inflows on Pakistan's economy, in relation to household consumption and investment behavior, is the subject matter of this research. With monthly observations starting from 2005, data from the World Bank is used in this analysis, where a Vector Autoregression (VAR) model in R Studio is employed to explore the remittances-GDP growth-investment consumption-CPI relationship. The impulse response function enables short-run responses to shocks in remittances to be depicted, and the variance decomposition calculates the proportion of variations in reference economic indicators due to remittances. The results validate that remittances have a critical, if transitory, function to fulfill in stimulating GDP growth, triggering investment, and enhancing domestic consumption in Pakistan. Of note is that their temporary effect on inflation (on the CPI basis) is mildly adverse but fleeting. The most probable reason is that the initial boost in investment and spending temporarily relieves pressures on the price's downward movement while this effect recedes subsequently. This research provides crucial insights to policymakers and planners of the economy, emphasizing the importance of developing well informed policy responses that capitalize on remittance development potential to its fullest. It thus contributes fresh perspectives to ongoing academic discussions regarding remittance-fostered economic change in developing nations such as Pakistan and bridges significant gaps in literature.

Exploring Women Leadership Competencies in Higher Education: Challenges, Opportunities, and Institutional Impact

2025-07-02T04:58:33+00:00

Women remain underrepresented in academic leadership positions globally, and particularly in regions like Sindh, Pakistan. This study aims to explore the leadership competencies demonstrated by women in higher education, the challenges and opportunities they encounter, and the impact of their leadership on institutional development. Employing a qualitative interpretivist approach, the research engaged 10–12 senior women leaders through semi-structured interviews and institutional document analysis. Thematic analysis revealed five key themes: emotional intelligence, transformational leadership, cultural negotiation, institutional resistance, and informal support systems. Findings highlight that despite policy frameworks promoting gender equity, women face enduring barriers including role incongruity and cultural expectations. Nevertheless, they utilize adaptive competencies and peer networks to lead effectively. The study enriches feminist and leadership theory by situating women’s experiences within the socio-cultural and organizational realities of Sindh. It also calls for reforms in leadership development programs, policy enforcement, and institutional cultures to support inclusive academic leadership.

Impact Of Health Cociousness, Food Safety Concern, And Consumer Purchase Intentions Toward Organic Food: The Role of Consumer Involvement

2025-07-03T05:51:10+00:00

This study investigates the impact of health consciousness and food safety concerns on the intention to purchase organic food in Pakistan. With rising global demand for organic products driven by health and environmental awareness, this research aims to identify key factors influencing consumer behavior in an emerging market context. A quantitative approach was employed, utilizing a correlational research design. Data was collected via an online survey from 254 health-conscious Pakistani consumers using a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire adapted from prior studies. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was applied to analyze the data, assessing reliability, validity, and path coefficients. Findings reveal a significant positive relationship between health consciousness, food safety perceptions, and organic food purchase intentions. The study highlights that consumer shifts toward organic products are primarily motivated by health and safety concerns, aligning with global trends. These insights can help marketers and policymakers promote organic food adoption in Pakistan. The research contributes to understanding consumer behavior in developing markets, suggesting strategies to enhance organic food accessibility and awareness.