International Journal of Social Science & Entrepreneurship

Role of Print Media in Shaping Women's Voices in Karachi

2025-03-27T05:11:41+00:00

In socio-cultural contexts like Pakistan where women representation faces several obstacles at various levels, print media can play a pivotal role in framing talk, opinions, and voices. This research investigates the contributions of Pakistan’s leading English news outlets—Dawn and The News—in amplifying women’s voices in Karachi. Also, it uses interviews of two senior journalists about the topic of this study. Through a systematic analysis of news articles, editorials, and news features published If over the year, the research studies how these papers report on important women-related issues like gender equality, women empowerment, harassment, and education. Mixed-method approach constituted of content analysis and interviews was used in this study to discover patterns, themes, and prevent coverage gaps. Dawn, for example, appears to have an analytical style focusing more on systemic problems and policy debates, whereas The News' approach tends to be more human-interest, focusing on individual stories and societal consequences. But there are still gaps, especially intersectional lenses and issues bottom-up women or marginalized communities struggle with. This study draws attention to the importance of print media in increasing public awareness of women’s rights and shaping policy discussion. But it also points to the need for more nuanced and inclusive coverage that goes beyond tokenism. Frequency and recommendations include a more nuanced and consistent editorial approach, amplifying diverse women’s voices, integrating intersectional perspectives, prioritization of investigative journalism to uncover systemic barriers. In this way, print media will become an ever-more powerful ally in the struggle for women’s rights and for justice in Karachi, Pakistan, and perhaps as women everywhere.

Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Factors and Their Impact on Investment Decisions in the Pakistan Stock Market

2025-03-27T05:15:47+00:00

This study examines the influence of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors on the investment decisions of stock market investors in Pakistan. It explores how ESG considerations, alongside the purpose of investment, shape the decision-making process in a market characterized by underdeveloped ESG reporting practices. A quantitative approach was employed, utilizing a structured questionnaire analyzed through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using SmartPLS. The results reveal significant positive relationships between ESG factors and investment decisions, highlighting the growing relevance of environmental responsibility, social considerations, and governance quality in attracting investors. The study also underscores the role of investment purpose, with capital preservation and sustainable growth emerging as key motivators. Despite global advancements in ESG integration, the findings indicate that legislative gaps and inconsistent practices in Pakistan hinder the alignment of investment strategies with global sustainability standards. This research contributes to the literature by addressing the contextual challenges of ESG adoption in emerging markets and providing empirical evidence for the interplay between ESG factors and investment behavior. The study concludes with recommendations for enhancing ESG reporting and aligning corporate strategies with sustainable investment goals.

Exploring Employer Branding for Talent Acquisition: Comparative Analysis of Employer Branding Attractiveness dimensions among inside Employees and Business Graduates

2025-03-27T05:19:04+00:00

This study examines employer branding as a long-term HR strategy to attract and retain talent. By comparing perceptions between business graduates and current bank employees, this research identifies key employer branding attractiveness dimensions. Data from 600 respondents, using Berthon et al.'s (2005) employer attractiveness scale, highlights the differences in perceived employer value. Theoretical contributions include integrating Employer Branding Theory and Psychological Contract Theory to explain variations in perception. Practical implications suggest organizations must balance internal and external employer branding strategies while leveraging digital platforms. Results showed that the current employees attributed higher importance to social, interest, salary in economic values, development values and application values. The least preferred factor was of economic values, which shows bank does not offer overall good economic values to its employees. The business graduates were more attracted by interest, social, economic and development values. They could not relate the application value factor being Employer attractiveness. Our results offer understanding for human resource managers to comprehend the theoretical foundations of employer brand and its potential implication on practice.

The Role of School Leadership in Shaping Teacher Effectiveness and Student Achievement: A Comparative Analysis of Public and Private Schools

2025-03-27T05:22:35+00:00

School leadership and the contribution of leaders to teacher performance and students’ achievement have been widely discussed in the field of education. The purpose of this paper involves comparing public and private schools in terms of leadership practices and their effects on motivation, instruction, and students’ performances. Survey questionnaires were administered to teachers, principals, and academic coordinators from both primary and secondary schools, showing differences in leadership styles, teacher job satisfaction, professional development and training, and students’ performance. The research shows that private schools have more transnational and instructional leadership leading to enhanced teacher satisfaction, upgraded teaching recourse, and enhanced learner performance scores. On the other hand, public schools are restricted by regulation and systems which hinder leadership and consequently reduce teacher performance and student achievement. This research therefore emphasizes the need for distributed leadership, staff development and parental involvement in school climate. The research implication enriches the literature for policymakers and educational administrators on strategies for providing effective leadership that can increase teaching performance hence increase student achievement in both public and private schools.

What Are the Barriers and Enablers to Prepare a Drought Policy Framework for Sindh Government (Pakistan)?

2025-04-09T18:05:16+00:00

This paper critically assessed the drought policy preparedness of the Sindh Government, Pakistan, from a policy implementation perspective. Therefore, this study barriers to prepare a drought policy framework were examined in detail. According to TDC (2016), HRCP (2016), and The Drought and Famine Assessment Report (1987) have summed up that such is the policy barriers- administrative and governance challenges coupled with inordinate delay in a timely decision for drought-declaration, never-ending health crisis, increasing community concerns over installation and repair of RO Plants, shortage of subsided items, perishing livestock population, and climate-induced migration. Therefore, this research paper finally focused on closing these policy gaps, which are essential for preparing a comprehensive Drought Policy Framework (DPF) that will address these policy issues by investing in health and nutrition programs, food security, agriculture, and livestock management, and ensuring safe, pure and drinking water schemes for inhabitants of Tharparkar short-term, medium-term and long-term.

Quranic Principles of Effective Communication: A Timeless Framework for Digital and Interpersonal Ethics

2025-04-12T19:17:48+00:00

This research examines how communication ethics derived from the Quran can be reconciled with and enrich modern communication practices. Through a qualitative content analysis of Quranic verses, 12 core principles—such as clarity, empathy, active listening, and emotional regulation—were identified. These principles are compared with frameworks from contemporary communication theory (e.g., Grice’s maxims, Rogers’ active listening, and Goleman’s emotional intelligence) to demonstrate their enduring relevance. Emphasis is placed on practical implementation: from the design of digital communication policies to curriculum development in faith-based and secular institutions. By integrating divine accountability and societal justice into communication ethics, the study offers actionable insights for educators, media professionals, and policy makers alike.

Keywords: ,, , interpersonal communication, curriculum development.

Defects of Investigation and Prosecution and Its Impact on Trial Advocate

2025-04-24T15:31:25+00:00

The purpose of this paper is to identify the defects of investigation and prosecution and their impact upon trial, investigation and prosecution are both the main pillars of criminal justice system if one fails to perform their duty and responsibility other part fails too, both are depends upon each other. Investigations have responsibility to search of truth and prosecution has responsibility to prove the truthfulness of the truth before the court. The sound and crime free society cannot be achieved without effective prosecution and main reason due to which a very large numbers of offenders go scout-free are either Faulty investigation or ineffective prosecution. If criminal justice system fails to provide justice to the citizens frustration will increase among the citizen resultantly it leads us towards a land of lawlessness.

Exploring the Causes and Consequences of Women’s Limited Economic Participation in Pakistan

2025-04-24T19:14:42+00:00

Women in Pakistan exhibit considerably lower participation in formal employment compared to their counterparts in other South Asian countries, with only about 23% of women engaged in the workforce, one of the lowest rates in the region. This is largely due to social taboos, lack of education, reluctance, and other pressures that a woman faces daily. This untapped potential of human capital has raised questions about Pakistan’s steps to eliminate gender disparity and incorporate human capital into economic activities. With this background, this study examines the reasons behind women’s reluctance to join the workforce in Pakistan. Later, the bearing of low participation of women in business on Pakistan’s economy is examined. In researching this paper, a close societal-level observation has been made. Primary and secondary data have been utilised in the study. Subsequently, chapters/sections of books, articles, official documents, and diversified opinions were examined to support an objective and empirical analysis. It is found that the lack of a female labour force has adversely affected Pakistan's economy and left some negative social impacts. Women’s empowerment by changing stereotypes and the inclusion of females in all economic activities may be effective in improving Pakistan's socio-political and economic conditions.

A Comparative Study of Societal Norms and Values in Different Societies

2025-05-25T13:28:56+00:00

This study centers on the comparative examination of societal norms and values across a spectrum of societies, acknowledging the increasing interest in this research area. It underscores existing challenges, including inconsistent norm definitions and cultural biases in prior studies. The investigation into historical, geographical, religious, and socio-economic factors is deemed crucial to unveil both shared traits and distinctions among cultures. The literature review delves into historical influences, geographical determinants, religious beliefs, socio-economic dimensions, and the consequences of globalization on societal norms. Recognized gaps in current literature advocate for more profound exploration, particularly in comprehending the intersections of multiple factors and the evolving nature of norms amid globalizations. The study's objective is to contribute meaningful insights to scholarly discussions, promoting cross-cultural awareness in our globally interconnected world. Areas that merit further exploration encompass longitudinal studies, collaborative initiatives with local scholars, and an examination of technology's impact on cultural dynamics.

Research paper delves into a comprehensive comparative study of societal norms and values, aiming to unravel the intricacies of cultural dynamics across diverse societies. Employing a multidisciplinary approach, the study investigates historical, geographical, religious, and socio-economic factors shaping these norms. The research explores commonalities, differences, and the impact of globalization on the evolution of societal norms, contributing to cross-cultural understanding. This research paper aims to conduct a comprehensive comparative study of societal norms and values, delving into the intricate fabric of cultural dynamics across diverse societies. The exploration will encompass an in-depth analysis of the factors shaping and influencing societal norms, emphasizing the role of historical, geographical, religious, and socio-economic contexts.

Islamic Moral Values and Sukuk Investment Intentions: A TPB-Based Behavioral Study with Mediating and Moderating Variables

2025-06-02T04:52:19+00:00

This study investigates sukuk investment behavior through the lens of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), integrating Islamic ethical principles to understand the factors influencing individuals' intentions to invest in sukuk. The research first examines the impact of Islamic moral values on Empathy, while assessing the mediating roles of internal behavioral control (IBC), and external behavioral control (EBC), At the same time the onwards effect of empathy on investment intentions (niyyah) was established. Employing an Islamic behavioral framework, the study delves into how these psychological constructs shape ethical investment behavior. Subsequently, it explores the moderating effects of market-related factors—sukuk pricing, rating, and ulama influence—on the relationship between these behavioral variables and investment intentions. Data were collected from 700 clients across Meezan Bank and other institutions in the Islamic banking sector. Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (SmartPLS), the findings reveal that Islamic moral values, empathy, IBC, and EBC significantly drive sukuk investment intentions. Empathy and behavioral control serve as key mediators in the relationship between Islamic values and investment behavior. Among the moderating factors, ulama pressure and sukuk pricing notably strengthen the ethical and financial appeal of sukuk investments, whereas sukuk ratings demonstrate a relatively weak influence, possibly due to limited awareness or skepticism regarding rating credibility. The study contributes to the understanding of ethical investment behavior in Islamic finance and offers strategic implications for promoting sukuk through moral, behavioral, and market-based interventions.