International Journal of Social Science & Entrepreneurship
IJSSE is a peer-reviewed International journal of Social Science and Entrepreneurship with a key objective to provide the academic and industrial community a medium for presenting original high-quality research or extended version of previously published research related to (but not strictly limited to) its scope which covers the wider aspects of high-quality research. The Journal is presently recognized by the Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan in the "Y" Category.
The Role of AI in Ethical Leadership and Lifelong Learning Initiatives
This research examines how artificial intelligence (AI) can be used to improve ethical leadership and lifelong learning programs in organizations. Data was collected using a convergent mixed-method design by carrying out 20 semi-structured interviews, three focus groups, and 200 survey participants in corporate, educational and governmental institutions that utilize AI in leadership development. Thematic analysis was employed in the analysis of qualitative data and the survey data were discussed statistically to determine the impact of AI on ethical decision-making, transparency, and lifelong learning. The evidence indicates that AI can enhance the ability of leaders to make transparent, accountable, and responsible decisions and provide personalized and adaptive learning paths to support ongoing professional development. Algorithms, less human discretion, and the lack of trust in AI results were recognized as the ethical issues by the participants. The study also builds on the theory by harmonizing AI, ethical leadership, and lifelong learning into one framework and provides a practical recommendation to organizations aiming to adopt AI in a responsible manner. These lessons provide the promise of AI in advancing inclusive, ethical, and adaptive leadership and the necessity to govern, be transparent, and be AI literate.
Copyright (c) 2025 Voyage Academic and Management Services (PVT.)
Social Construction of Disaster Risk and Preparedness: Institutional Narratives from Sindh
Traditionally, disaster risk reduction (DRR) and preparedness planning in Pakistan has been viewed through technocratic and hazard-oriented structures giving precedence to planning tools, response systems and infrastructural remedies. Although these methods are necessary, they do not pay much attention to the social and institutional mechanisms according to which the disaster risk and preparedness are perceived and regulated. This paper considers disaster risk and preparedness as socially constructed phenomena through the lenses of the institutional discourses that have been generated by the disaster management authorities in Sindh and one of the most disaster-prone provinces in Pakistan. The study is based on a qualitative, interpretivist research design and uses semi-structured interviews with disaster management officials, the analysis of disaster management plans, standard operating procedures, and policy documents, and a limited number of focus group discussions to provide the contexts of triangulation. Thematic and narrative analysis were also applied as the means of analysing the data in order to determine the prevailing patterns of meaning-making in institutional discourse. The results indicate that there are four interconnected institutional discourses that influence preparedness to disasters in Sindh. To start with, the catastrophes are depicted as extraordinary and externally imposed natural processes, which supports the sense of inescapability. Second, preparedness is mostly created in the form of documentation and procedural adherence which leads to symbolic rather than functional preparedness. Third, communities are placed mainly as passive beneficiaries, restricting the acknowledgment of the local knowledge and adaptive capacities. Lastly, the blame on the disaster risk is often transferred to climate change, geography, or population behaviour, which further depoliticises the governance of disaster and contributes to accountability spreading. Connecting the results to the social constructionist theory and the literature on disaster governance, the research shows that the failures in preparedness cannot be explained only by the factors that could be defined as technical or capacity-related but need to be considered as the results of the institutional discourse and power dynamics. The research has the potential to add to disaster literature by expanding the social constructionist approach to investigating the sub-national governance of DRR in a Global South setting, and it provides policy-implicated implications in terms of the shift towards less symbolic preparedness and more reflexive, inclusive, and functional approaches to disaster risk reduction.
Roadmap to Sustainable Cities: Embedding the Synergy of Sustainable Project Management and Renewable Energy Approaches
Although having lot of potential for renewable energy in various developing countries, still there are number of cities seemed majorly dependent on the various fossil fuels. This practice of being dependent on fossil fuel usually leads them to be more exposed to the climate challenges. This study is aimed to observe the integration of the Sustainable Practices in the conventional Project Management for bringing better governance and project delivery approach. The study focuses on the case of Karachi with some global comparisons of certain cities where the best practices have been adopted. For the purpose, the informed theoretical framework known for sustainable approaches was adopted for this study. These were the theories of Triple Bottom Line, Inclusive Stakeholder, Institutional Theory backed with the academic and professional PMI-GPM P5 standard and PRiSM methodology. Moreover, it is further grounded in a Qualitative study of peer-reviewed literature, institutional reports, widely accepted sustainability indexes of authentic sources, longitudinal data on the energy, and emissions trajectory of the Karachi as the Developing City. Results of the study reflect that the inadequate institutional coordination with fragmented governance, lack of stakeholder cohesion and inconsistent compliance of the policies at various levels are the precursors greatly contributing to insufficient adaptability of the renewable energy. Renewable contribution demonstrates just 5% out of total urban energy mix of Karachi. Looking at the ARCADIS index and relevant literature, a global comparison was also made to lighten up the understanding on integrated sustainable methods.The study provides the basic sense of direction for urban planners, project managers and especially for policymakers aiming for sustainable urban development with broader climate goals. Further, the findings support the targets of UN-SDG 11 referring Sustainable Cities and Communities leading to bring a sustainable impact.
Environmental Cost of Economic Development, Trade Openness, And FDI: Empirical Evidence from BRICS Economies
The balance between economic and ecological well-being has become one of the primary concerns of the governments in the world. The need to achieve sustainable growth is emphasized in the contemporary world economies and especially those that are underdeveloped. This paper investigates the dynamic impacts of the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), economic growth (EG), the consumption of renewable energy (RE) and trade openness (TO) on the environmental degradation (CO2 emissions) in the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa). The analysis that will be conducted utilizes annual panel data covering the years 1995 to 2023 to implement the Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) methodology to analyse the short and long-term correlation. We are all paying the opportunity cost of economic development by accelerated environmental degradation all over the world. In order to curb the devastating realities of climate change and save nature, countries need to reshape their energy usage policies through renewable energy technologies and research, thus creating sustainable development in the world. The findings show that economic growth has a significant positive impact on the increase in CO2 emissions in the long-run and the use of renewable energy has significant positive impact on the reduction of the CO2 emissions in short and long-term. The effect of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is dynamic, increasing emissions over the short term and decreasing them significantly over time, therefore, supporting the Pollution Halo Hypothesis in the long term. The openness to trade showed a statistically significant yet insignificant positive impact on the long-term emissions. These findings bring about the need to develop renewable energy and wisely utilize foreign direct investment coupled with green growth strategies to reduce environmental degradation as well as develop the economy of the BRICS countries.
The Effectiveness of Technology-Enhanced Learning Tools, Including Virtual Labs and AI-Powered Platforms, in Improving STEM Education Outcomes Among Secondary School Students
of virtual laboratories and AI-guided platforms) can be used to improve the results of vocational training among students of secondary school concerning STEM education. The research design was a quasi experimental study which took three hundred forty students as experimental and control bands that were measured in terms of conceptual-understanding, problem asolving, retention, engagement, and teacher perceptions. Findings of quantitative analysis indicated high science and mathematics gain by the students who learned with the use of TEL tools as compared to their counterparts who were taught with the help of using typical methods and the effects size was very Denser with an approximation of 20 percent higher with their counterparts and retention of the students was high as well. The results of learning analytics were positive renders between the use of the platform and performance, and qualitative results were found when the drive to engage in learning, collaborate, and ask questions is more prevalent in the TEL classes. Teachers understood the pedagogical value of the tools, but they emphasized that it would be possible to achieve their adequate use only with the assistance of the professional development and support on a systemic level. The key point that the authors conclude is that virtual laboratory and artificial intelligence platforms can provide a scalable and affordable and pedagogically viable choice to STEM education, yet such issues as diversity, access, and teacher bandwidth need to be managed accordingly.
Determinants of food waste at household level in Punjab Pakistan
Food waste indicates a significant threat to the economy the environment and food security. Food waste is one of the most pressing sustainability concerns that need to be addressed. Consumer behavior patterns that contribute to food waste at household level had been observed in Pakistan. In order to prevent food waste at the regional and global levels, it is imperative to identify the causes of food. The goal of the current study was identified and analyzed the determinants of food waste at household levels and suggests recommendations to decrease food waste in households. For this purpose, the data was collected from 200 consumers through a convenience sampling technique using a pre-tested questionnaire. Data was collected through a convenience sampling technique. Logit regression model was used to analyze the data. Identification of food waste determinants is very helpful to optimize operations, minimize losses, and improve profitability. The study found gap between perceptions and practices. Despite awareness and negative perceptions of food waste, actual waste levels were influenced by practical constraints such as storage facilities, Taste, and product appearance. The study findings indicate that taste, food stock waste, left over waste, un appealing texture, over quantity production waste, educational effect, awareness regarding food waste, expiry date, product appearance, nutritional value, overcooked waste all these variables led to increase the food waste at household level. Only brand reputation negatively affects the food waste behavior of the respondents. The findings provide a solid foundation for developing targeted policies and interventions aimed at reducing household food waste. By understanding the determinants, policy makers can create specific strategies to address each factor, such as educational campaigns on food storage, policies encouraging portion control, and community programs promoting the use of leftovers.
Leadership for Sustainability: Examining the Role of Green Transformational Leadership in Fostering Employee Adaptability and Performance
Lime-transformational headship has gained more significance due to the growing use of sustainability-based processes in officialdoms and educational companies. Powerful individuals that advance ecological responsibility and support ecological ethics are actively involved in turning staff flexibility and ecological efficiency. Two hypotheses were formulated: to investigate how Lime-transformational headship influence the staff flexibility and performance within higher education companies. The study was conducted using a validated questionnaire as quantitative cross-sectional research. Multistage sampling was applied to obtain data among faculty and administrative personnel employed in Islamabad and Karachi, Pakistan, in HEC-recognized private and public universities. A total of 416 respondents were used to collect the data. Data analysis was conducted with the SPSS version 26 and SmartPLS 4. The results revealed that Lime- transformational headship has a wide scope of improving staff adaptive performance and ecological performance. When staff under headship develop good ecological commitment, vision and support, they will be better positioned to adjust to structural requirements and better placed to practice sustainable work. Lime-transformational direction is a real approach to ensuring sustainability and streamlining employee activity in the higher education companies. The toleration of this headship style may help the development of institutions, Lime work environment, and greater staff flexibility. Institutional leaders and officials are motivated to incorporate sustainable headship in order to be able to optimize productivity and environmental responsibility.
A Quantitative Study on the Relationship between Workload and Workstation of Secondary School Teachers in Rahim Yar Khan
This study surveyed the relationship between workload and workstations of secondary school teachers in the district of Rahim Yar Khan. The research objectives were to evaluate the nature and level of workloads undertaken by secondary school teachers, examine how teachers’ physical and mental health are affected by their workloads, and analyze their emotional well-being. A questionnaire was used as a research tool for this investigation. The study sample consisted of 575 teachers. The simple random sampling method was applied for data collection, and SPSS analyzed the data. Frequencies, means, and percentages were also evaluated. The majority of the respondents (81.2%) agreed that managing a large number of students is overwhelming, and they don’t have enough time for individual attention to the students. The findings revealed that teachers face various difficulties, which indirectly impact their performance, mental, physical, and emotional health, and work-life balance. The following suggestions were made based on the outcomes: it is essential to reduce the workload, strengthen administrative support, and utilize resources more wisely to promote teacher effectiveness and well-being. The current study is helpful for school administration and educational authorities to make policies and manage the workload and workstations of the teachers.
Bridging the Gender Gap in STEM Education: Analyzing the Role of Mentorship, Curriculum Design, and Policy Interventions in Encouraging Female Participation
Under-representation of women science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) is a contemporary phenomenon of great concerns in every part of the globe despite the availability and subsequent acquisition of education. The paper goes further to elaborate how the gender gap in learning STEM can be bridged through mentorship, curriculum and policy interventions. With the data of other world systems, policy conversation, the discoveries told that girls tend to remain longer and construct their identity via organized mentorship programmes as opposed to bold curriculum models, particularly project based, practical application models that make girls more fascinated with, excel high in the school institution and more determined. Examples of gain of participation have been illustrated by giving benefits under participation learning through structural accountability in Title IX in the United States, Athena SWAN in the United Kingdom and Horizon 2020 in Europe, though it is found to have variable under different disciplines with engineering and computer science showing the most significant gaps. In addition to that, the COVID-19 pandemic contributed to the discrepancies, which correlate much with the fact that the proportion of women graduate among students was rising significantly in low middle-income and developing nations. The outcomes underline that the gains in the field of the eradication of the gender gap must be brought about by the multi-level strategies utilizing psychosocial supports, education reform, and responsibility concerning the policy. In so doing, there will be no guarantee that they are not just recruited to do STEM but also counseled and enabled to persevere and conquer the key domains.
Is Sustainable Food Consumption A Plausible Choice? A Study of Urban Gen Z Consumers in Pakistan
This study examines whether sustainable food consumption is a feasible and consistent behavior among urban Generation Z consumers in Pakistan. Drawing on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), it investigates how awareness, trust, and social media influence shape young consumers’ intentions and purchasing patterns toward sustainable grocery products. A quantitative approach was employed using a structured questionnaire administered to 100 Gen Z respondents aged 18–27 in Karachi. Data were analyzed using SPSS v26, with satisfactory reliability (Cronbach’s α = 0.88). Correlation and regression analyses were performed to assess the strength of relationships among key variables. Results reveal that awareness (β = 0.6785, p < 0.001) and trust (β = 0.5921, p < 0.01) significantly influence purchase intention, while social media engagement (β = 0.5154, p < 0.05) also plays an important role. Price sensitivity showed an insignificant relationship (β = 0.1397, p = 0.224). The study also identified a meaningful intention–behavior gap (mean difference = 0.67, p < 0.001), largely attributed to high prices and limited product access. These results suggest that improving transparency, affordability, and digital engagement can encourage Gen Z to act upon their sustainability intentions. The study extends TPB by integrating social and contextual elements relevant to developing countries and aligns with Sustainable Development Goal 12 on responsible consumption and production. Keywords: , , ,, ,
Examining the Impact of Social Entrepreneurship Orientation on Service Delivery in Balochistan’s Public Healthcare Sector
Public healthcare systems in developing regions often face persistent service delivery deficiencies. Grounded in the Service-Dominant Logic (SDL) framework, this study investigates how Social Entrepreneurship Orientation (SEO) influences the performance of public healthcare institutions in Balochistan, Pakistan. Despite increasing scholarly focus on social entrepreneurship, limited empirical research has examined its relevance in public sector health systems of developing economies. Using a cross-sectional quantitative design, this study analyzed data from 349 healthcare professionals through SmartPLS 4.0. The analysis confirmed a strong and positive association between Social Entrepreneurship Orientation (SEO) and service delivery. The distinct contribution of this research lies in applying the Service-Dominant Logic (SDL) framework within a resource-constrained and governance-challenged public health environment such as Balochistan. The findings demonstrate that SEO promotes innovation, adaptability, and citizen-centered service practices in public hospitals. Overall, the results extend the theoretical understanding of SDL and offer practical insights for policymakers seeking to improve institutional performance and healthcare service delivery in developing contexts.
Social Entrepreneurship Orientation (SEO)
Environmental Degradation and Macroeconomic Performance: Dynamic Evidence from N-11 Economies
This paper tests the relationships between economic growth, foreign direct investment (FDI) and the level of carbon dioxide (CO2) emission in the Next Eleven (N-11) emerging economies between the years 1991 and 2022. The GMM estimator is utilized to overcome endogeneity as well as endure the persistence of the emissions in addition to jointly testing the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), Pollution Haven and Pollution Halo Hypotheses in a single empirical model. There is a strong structural persistence of CO2 emissions (lagged coefficient = 0.988, p < 0.05) which shows that there is an inertia in environmental degradation. It shows an inverted U-shaped pattern of EKC whereby the emissions rise with lower income (GDP = 0.0095, p < 0.05) and then decrease above the 14.19 level of log GDP income. The association of FDI with the emissions is nonlinear and exhibits U-shaped behavior, i.e. it decreases the CO2 emissions at lower levels of FDI (lnFDI = -0.066, p < 0.05) and thereafter increases the CO2 emissions at higher levels of FDI (lnFDI2 = 0.0016, p < 0.05). The results of these outcomes imply that economic development and FDI have some conditional environmental impacts that vary based on size and the capacity to regulate. The analysis highlights the need to have policies of green investment, technological innovation, and effective institutional structures in realizing sustainable low-carbon growth. Keywords: , , , , , , ,
Determinants Of Customer Satisfaction In The Decorative Paint Service Industry: Evidence From Karachi, Pakistan
Increasing evidence suggests that customer satisfaction is an important influencer of success in the services sector of Pakistan; however, there are few empirical studies examining the antecedents of customer satisfaction for specialised services like decorative paint services. This study, therefore, has investigated the impact of service quality, price equity, provider professionalism, technological implementation, and brand image on customer satisfaction in Karachi city. The main objectives were to identify significant predictors of satisfaction and to find their relative ranking. A quantitative cross-sectional survey design was employed, utilising a structured questionnaire with 200 customers who recently received decorative painting services. Data were analysed with SPSS and were related to descriptive statistics, reliability testing, correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Results showed that all five independent variables had a significant impact on customer satisfaction, explaining 55.1% of its variance. Service quality was found to be the best predictor, closely followed by provider professionalism and brand image. The findings are like those of prior studies in Pakistan, which express the necessity of professional training, transparent pricing, and technological improvement. The paper concludes the study, suggesting that paint service companies standardise their services and adopt innovative tools and a strong brand to increase customer trust and loyalty. The research study contributes to the literature by providing a localised framework for transforming service performance and customer satisfaction levels.
The Moderating Effect of Age on the Relationship Between Mental Health and Economic Decision-Making
The interconnectedness of human cognitive power and economic decision making is a proven spectacle. Different psychological factors of a healthy mind are key in sensible economic decision making, with relevance to SDG 3 (Good Health and Wellbeing) and SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth). To assess the moderation effect of age on the relationship between mental health and economic decision making, hypothetically affecting decisions at different age groups. A total of 606 surveys were filled by different age groups. The hypothesis was tested using XGBoost, a robust machine learning model. Supplementary analytics composed the variables for mental health and economic decision making. The impact of mental health on economic decision making was modeled with interaction by age. The relationship is significantly proven, with a high influence of age indicating a strong moderating effect across age groups. Age-specific interventions are necessary. Designing and implementation of mental health and financial education programs tailoring different age groups are recommended, contributing to reducing inequalities (SDG 10) while advancing SDG 3 and SDG 8 and informing policy and practice
SDG 3: Good Health and Well-being, SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth, SDG 10: Reduced Inequality.
The Red Sea as A Proxy Front: Iran’s Strategic Use of The Houthis and The Politics of Plausible Deniability (2023–2025)
The Red Sea has become one of the most strategically consequential maritime theaters in the 21st century, where regional rivalries, proxy warfare, and asymmetric operations converge to shape global economic and security outcomes. Between 2023 and 2025, this corridor became a critical arena for Iran’s regional power projection through its sponsorship of Yemen’s Houthi movement. During this period, 145 Houthis attacks including drone, missile and unmanned naval strikes on commercial vessels such as the Magic seas and Eternity C disrupted maritime traffic, caused a 50% decline in Suez Canal transit, and significantly raised insurance premiums. The study adopts a qualitative case study approach, applying proxy warfare theory and drawing on official reports, open-source intelligence, and secondary literature to trace how Iranian support shapes Houthi capabilities. The findings indicate that these operations undermine energy security, threaten freedom of navigation, and compel regional and international actors to recalibrate maritime strategies. Keywords: , , , , , , ,
CBDC vs Cryptocurrency in Pakistan: A Comparative Review
This analytical review examines Pakistan's dual-path approach to digital finance by assessing the policy tension between decentralized cryptocurrencies (CC) and a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC). Through a comprehensive analysis of grey literature and policy documents, the study identifies a significant ideological struggle between risk-averse financial institutions and a pro-innovative government faction. Our findings reveal that this conflict has led to a pragmatic, dual-track strategy: the formalization of the CC market via the Virtual Assets Ordinance 2025 and the parallel development of a state-controlled CBDC. The research quantifies the scale of the informal CC economy, estimating it involves 15-20 million Pakistanis and holds the potential to unlock $20-25 billion in dormant assets for the formal economy. Concurrently, the Digital Pakistani Rupee (CBDC) is projected to reduce the substantial direct costs of cash, estimated at Rs76 billion annually, and enhance financial inclusion for approximately 100 million unbanked adults. The study concludes that for this dual strategy to succeed, Pakistan must prioritize policy harmonization, a privacy-centric CBDC design, and a streamlined regulatory framework for virtual assets. This case offers critical lessons for developing nations navigating the trade-offs between financial innovation, stability, and inclusion
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Social Science & Entrepreneurship
The Role of Digital Human Resource Management on Organizational Adaptability and Sustainability in Emerging Economy
The research paper focused on the role of digital human resource management on organizational adaptability and sustainability in emerging economies in Karachi. This scientific study aims at examining null hypothesis which analyzes that there is no relationship between digital HRM and organization ability to be adaptable and sustainable in various organizations in Karachi. The research design is descriptive as we establish the association between dependent and independent variables. Our independent variable is Digital HRM which includes digital performance management, digital intensity, and digital transformation that are provided to organizations to improve their performance, adaptation capabilities and employee state optimization. A structured questionnaire is designed to collect approximately 100-sample size samples via online and by organizations visits. A survey forms were distributed using random sampling method among more than six different public and private sectors of Karachi. The research is quantitative in nature and analyzed through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation model (SEM) by using smart PLS. The findings show that digital HRM is positively and significantly correlated with organizational resilience. The study also revealed that adaptation capabilities are a strong mediator between digital HRM and organization resilience. The integration of digitalization’s of HRM practices significantly enhances the organization’s adaptability and productivity. The study included both quantitative and qualitative data and examined the relationship of digital HRM influences the organization’s resilience from the viewpoint of public and private sector in Karachi city.
The Effect of Mindset Influencers on social media Deviating Youth from Education in The Name of Entrepreneurship
This study examines the effect of mindset influencers on social media in deviating youth from education in the name of entrepreneurship. In this era, social media is a powerful platform, where the mindset of these influencers promoting entrepreneurship is a preferred lifestyle. Most of this content distracts youth from their educational goals, and they are drawn to these influencers on the promise of achieving quick financial success. A quantitative research design was employed, and students were selected from the Departments of Education and Psychology at the University of Karachi. Using Krejcie and Morgan’s table, a population of 300 and a sample of 169 participants were selected through simple random sampling. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire designed on a five-point Likert scale and analyzed using SPSS software with descriptive statistical techniques, including frequency analysis. The findings of this study indicate that constant exposure to mindset influencers of entrepreneurship on social media is distracting young people from their educational goals and interests. This study is relevant for teachers, parents, and policymakers, as it highlights the requirement for guidance programs, critical thinking strategies, parental support, and the importance of preserving the value of education in the digital age.
Exploring the Potential of Native Language in Micro-influencer Marketing: A Study of Engagement and Purchase Intention Among Pakistani Followers
This study investigates the effects of micro-influencers who speak the local language of their followers on engagement and buying behavior in Pakistan's multilingual digital landscape. The study is based on the theories of Parasocial Interaction and Source Credibility, shows that speaking in a language that one is comfortable with increases emotional resonance and trust, converting passive followers into engaged participants. The results of a survey of 310 social media users and data analysis using PLS-SEM demonstrate that native language material has a big but subtle impact on purchase intent while also considerably increasing engagement and parasocial relationships. Although engagement is increased by trust in the influencer, purchases are not always ensured. This study emphasises how language connects cultures and serves as more than just a means of communication. The findings provide crucial information for companies looking to run genuine, powerful influencer efforts in regions with a wide range of cultural backgrounds.
A Comparative Study of NADRA & FBR in Hyderabad and Bahawalpur: Citizens’ Perceptions of Accessibility, Institutional Effectiveness, Transparency in e-Government Services in Pakistan
Although e-government has become a vital component of delivering services to citizens through electronic means (e-services), its success primarily relies on citizens' perceptions of accessibility, institutional effectiveness, and transparency in these services, which can only be achieved through a series of reforms that strengthen over time. While countries recognized as global leaders, such as South Korea and Estonia, have established robust public trust by providing innovative developments and advancing digital progress, this level of trust remains less prevalent in developing states like Pakistan. This study presents a unique research focus that has been less explored in previous literature, aiming to understand the roles of the National Database and Registration Authority (NADRA) and the Federal Board of Revenue (FBR), as well as how citizens in Hyderabad and Bahawalpur perceive their services. The study emphasized investigating institutional challenges and evaluating how reforms shape citizen trust and the sustainable use of digital platforms from the demographic and geographical dynamics perspectives. This study applied a mixed-methods approach, combining the use of a standardized survey method (n=250) with expert focus group discussion, and structural equation modeling (SEM) was adopted to examine the causal relationship (H1–H5) and impact of reforms on citizens’ perceptions. The conclusions revealed policy-relevant insights into improving Pakistan’s e-Government frameworks with effectiveness, transparency, and accessibility.
Investigating the Application of Epstein’s Parental Involvement Model and its Impact on Student Achievement in District Pishin
This study has examined the application of Epstein’s Parental Involvement Model in the context of the secondary schools in District Pishin, Balochistan. The study has evaluated the multiple aspects of parental involvement, such as communication with the school, helping with study, academic goal setting, encouragement, and the provision of study resources. It has applied a quantitative research methodology whereby the information was gathered from 620 parents and 620 students (310 boys, 310 girls). The study has revolved around the rationale of stratified sampling, whereby the subgroups of a population were distinguished as boys, girls, and parents. The study has assessed each of the six dimensions of the Epstein framework and has determined that the core elements of the model, such as the school-home communication (R = 0.425, p < 0.01) and the supporting parenting practices (R = 0.442, p < 0.01), significantly influence academic achievement. Other factors, such as volunteering (R = 0.340) and decision-making (R = 0.288), have not produced a significant impact due to contextual obstacles like low parental literacy and cultural norms. This concludes that though the model offers a good theoretical source for parental involvement, its practice in the rural areas needs to be very sensitive to the circumstances and resources at hand.
Gender Differences in Self-Esteem among Employed and Unemployed Adults in Hyderabad City: A Comparative Study
The primary objective of this study was to investigate the impact of gender identity (i.e., being male or female) and employment status on the self-esteem of adults residing in Hyderabad city. For this purpose, 400 individuals aged 18 to 60 years were selected, including an unequal number of employed and unemployed men and women, so that the results could be compared appropriately during the analysis. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), an internationally recognized psychological scale, was used to assess the self-esteem level of these individuals. The data obtained were analyzed using the "Independent Samples T-test" to detect any significant difference in self-esteem scores between different groups. The results of the analysis revealed that there was no significant or statistically significant difference in self-esteem scores between employed men and women (p = .539). Similarly, there was no significant difference in self-esteem between unemployed men and women (p = .909). Overall, when all men and all women were compared, the mean score for men was slightly higher, but this difference was also statistically insignificant (p = .013). This means that gender or employment status in general does not have a profound effect on self-esteem. However, when the responses to individual questions were analyzed in detail, an interesting aspect emerged: unemployed men complained of feeling “useless” more intensely than women on one specific question (item 9). This suggests that, although there may be no difference in overall scores, certain emotional responses, especially negative feelings such as feeling useless, may be more intense in men. Such responses are likely linked to social pressures, cultural traditions, and the responsibilities associated with employment, which affect men more. Overall, the findings of this study highlight the fact that self-esteem is not a simple or one-dimensional concept but a complex and multifaceted psychological state, influenced not only by gender or job status but also by a number of deeper psychological, social, personal and cultural factors. Therefore, in the context of South Asian societies like Hyderabad, there is a need for culturally sensitive and gender-aware mental health interventions that can help improve individuals’ self-esteem by taking into account these hidden and deeper factors.
Impact of Textile Organizational Functional Capabilities on Sustainable Performance: A Moderating Empirical Assessment of Environmental Measures on Warehouse
Business sustainability highly depends on the capabilities of an organization. Marketing, technological development, and financial and operational efficiency are key competencies that significantly affect corporate sustainability efforts. Improper resource utilization, high emissions rate, and labour law violations are some of the foremost issues faced by the textile sector in Pakistan. Enhancing the above-mentioned core competencies can help textile firms achieve long-term sustainability goals. Thus, the study aims to analyze the role of operational, technological, marketing, and supply chain capabilities in attaining sustainable performance in the textile sector. Data was collected using convenience sampling techniques from 163 employees in the supply chain division of the garment industry. The collected data was tested through the Smart PLS analysis tool. Research findings suggest that organizational capabilities have a substantial effect on sustainable operations. Moreover, the outcomes of the research indicate that environmental measures moderate the connection between supply chain, operational, and financial capabilities in achieving sustainable performance. However, marketing and technology capabilities are not influenced by environmental factors. This research reduces the gap in identifying the impact of various organizational capabilities in achieving sustainable supply chain operations. Additionally, it will help textile firms formulate competitive strategies under the effective role of the environment to meet the company’s goals. Keywords: , , , ,
Copyright (c) 2024 Voyage Academic and Management Services (PVT.)
Impact of Warehouse Resources Optimization on Sustainable Performance: Unveiling the Moderating Influence of Seasonality
A warehouse is considered an integral part of supply chain operations. It plays a key role in receiving, storing, packaging, and distributing products from the suppliers to the end customers. However, warehouse management suffers from various challenges due to inappropriate infrastructure, space shortage, data entry errors, and outdated manual procedures. Integrating advanced technology can optimize operations by reducing costs and enhancing overall work efficiency. The current study aims to identify the impact of warehouse resources, i.e., human capital (HC), technology integration (TI), supply chain communication network (SCCN), and warehouse optimization (WO) on the sustainable warehouse performance (SWP) of warehouses. Additionally, the research seeks to uncover the moderating effect of seasonality on warehouse processes. A convenience sampling technique was used to gather data from 116 professional employees working in different manufacturing companies. Based on the analysis of data through Partial Least Squares techniques, results indicate that there is no direct impact of human capital, technology integration, and supply chain communication network on sustainable warehouse performance. However, a significant indirect relationship exists in the presence of optimized warehouse processes. Furthermore, the study also demonstrates the role of seasonality in moderating the relationship between human capital and warehouse sustainable performance. Hence, the findings of this study provide guidelines for companies to manage gaps in their warehouse activities and help them develop strategies to meet global standards. Future research can be performed by incorporating data from other interdisciplinary fields to address the issue of sustainability in warehousing effectively.
Supply chain communication network and Warehouse optimization
Seasonality, and Sustainable warehouse performance
The Role of Advanced Technologies and Cost Strategies in Building Efficient, Sustainable Automotive Supply Chains
This paper aims to investigate the impact of Supply Chain Manager Capability, Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Sustainable Supply Chain Practices, and Cost Leadership Strategies on Sustainable Performance (SP) of a firm. Additionally, the study seeks to identify the mediating role of Leagile practices in achieving sustainability objectives, particularly in the automotive sector of Pakistan. This study employed a quantitative approach to collect data from executives, managers, and directors working in the automotive supply chain process. A sample size of 254 respondents was selected, and the data were analyzed through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS SEM). The results showed that AMT has a positive impact on sustainable performance. In comparison, Leagile strategy plays a mediating role in enhancing supply chain efficiency (SCE), which can lead to sustainable performance of the firm. Moreover, it also proves that SCE is an essential arbitrator, which highlights the need for operational efficiency in transforming strategic supply chain actions into results that are sustainable. Yet, the supply chain manager (SCM) had no direct impact on Leagile methods, and technical and systemic resources are more likely to be dominant here. The research has some practical implications for supply chain executives, especially in developing countries such as Pakistan, where resource limitations and regulatory compliance impose localized policies. Companies can become more adaptable, resilient, and competitive by leveraging advanced technologies, sustainability practices, and cost reductions within a well-defined supply chain infrastructure. In the future, the research provides a good ground to explore sustainable supply chain performance in other sectors
Advanced Manufacturing Technologies (AMT)
Sustainable Supply Chain Practices (SSCP)
From Tax to TFP: Unraveling the Dynamics of Income Inequality in SAARC Economies
From 1990 to 2021, study examines the dynamic relationship between taxation, total factor productivity (TFP), and income inequality in four SAARC countries: Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Using panel data analysis, the study investigates the relationship between variations in the GINI coefficient and tax-to-GDP ratios and TFP, taking labor force participation, inflation, and consumption expenditure into account. The findings demonstrate that while taxes and income inequality significantly affect TFP, the effects are different across country because of differences in economic conditions and legal systems. The study deals important new understandings into how socio-economic inequality and fiscal policy affect productivity in South Asian nations.
Challenges and barriers in the implementation of peer assessment in Balochistan
Balochistan’s low literacy rate stems from factors such as poor infrastructure, socio-economic barriers, and limited access to quality education, further worsened by ineffective assessment practices that hinder the identification of learning gaps and targeted support." The objective of this research was to identify the challenges and barriers associated with the implementation of peer assessment in Balochistan and the generated hypothesis was, the challenges associated with implementing peer assessment in Balochistan include negative attitudes, doubts about peer qualifications, and social pressures. The medthod adopted for the instant study was quantitative and a questionnaire designed for data collection. Based on hypothesis testing, the null hypothesis (H₀) stating that there are no significant challenges such as negative attitudes, doubts about peer qualifications, or social pressures associated with implementing peer assessment in Balochistan is retained, and the alternative hypothesis is rejected. It was concluded that barriers negative attitudes, doubts about peer qualifications, social pressures, time demands, and limited training form a formidable obstacle cluster. Addressing them requires targeted interventions such as extended calibration sessions, anonymity mechanisms, trust-building workshops, and comprehensive professional development to shift perceptions and build competence. Negative attitudes toward peer grading, doubts about peer qualifications, and social pressures especially where anonymity protocols were absent emerged as significant obstacles. Time constraints for rubric development and insufficient initial training further dampened uptake. It was recommended that government should strengthen Balochistan Assessment and Examination Commission regarding a better implementation of Peer assessment in Balochistan.
Impact Of Health Cociousness, Food Safety Concern, And Consumer Purchase Intentions Toward Organic Food: The Role of Consumer Involvement
This study investigates the impact of health consciousness and food safety concerns on the intention to purchase organic food in Pakistan. With rising global demand for organic products driven by health and environmental awareness, this research aims to identify key factors influencing consumer behavior in an emerging market context. A quantitative approach was employed, utilizing a correlational research design. Data was collected via an online survey from 254 health-conscious Pakistani consumers using a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire adapted from prior studies. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was applied to analyze the data, assessing reliability, validity, and path coefficients. Findings reveal a significant positive relationship between health consciousness, food safety perceptions, and organic food purchase intentions. The study highlights that consumer shifts toward organic products are primarily motivated by health and safety concerns, aligning with global trends. These insights can help marketers and policymakers promote organic food adoption in Pakistan. The research contributes to understanding consumer behavior in developing markets, suggesting strategies to enhance organic food accessibility and awareness.
Exploring Women Leadership Competencies in Higher Education: Challenges, Opportunities, and Institutional Impact
Women remain underrepresented in academic leadership positions globally, and particularly in regions like Sindh, Pakistan. This study aims to explore the leadership competencies demonstrated by women in higher education, the challenges and opportunities they encounter, and the impact of their leadership on institutional development. Employing a qualitative interpretivist approach, the research engaged 10–12 senior women leaders through semi-structured interviews and institutional document analysis. Thematic analysis revealed five key themes: emotional intelligence, transformational leadership, cultural negotiation, institutional resistance, and informal support systems. Findings highlight that despite policy frameworks promoting gender equity, women face enduring barriers including role incongruity and cultural expectations. Nevertheless, they utilize adaptive competencies and peer networks to lead effectively. The study enriches feminist and leadership theory by situating women’s experiences within the socio-cultural and organizational realities of Sindh. It also calls for reforms in leadership development programs, policy enforcement, and institutional cultures to support inclusive academic leadership.
Understanding The Influence of Remittances on Household Consumption and Investment Trends in Pakistan
The effect of remittance inflows on Pakistan's economy, in relation to household consumption and investment behavior, is the subject matter of this research. With monthly observations starting from 2005, data from the World Bank is used in this analysis, where a Vector Autoregression (VAR) model in R Studio is employed to explore the remittances-GDP growth-investment consumption-CPI relationship. The impulse response function enables short-run responses to shocks in remittances to be depicted, and the variance decomposition calculates the proportion of variations in reference economic indicators due to remittances. The results validate that remittances have a critical, if transitory, function to fulfill in stimulating GDP growth, triggering investment, and enhancing domestic consumption in Pakistan. Of note is that their temporary effect on inflation (on the CPI basis) is mildly adverse but fleeting. The most probable reason is that the initial boost in investment and spending temporarily relieves pressures on the price's downward movement while this effect recedes subsequently. This research provides crucial insights to policymakers and planners of the economy, emphasizing the importance of developing well informed policy responses that capitalize on remittance development potential to its fullest. It thus contributes fresh perspectives to ongoing academic discussions regarding remittance-fostered economic change in developing nations such as Pakistan and bridges significant gaps in literature.