Strategic Typologies and Resource Efficiency: Implications for Sustainable Performance

Abstract

This research investigates the impact of different strategic types on sustainable performance by considering the role of resource efficiency. The study utilizes Miles and Snow's strategic classifications and resource management theory.  It analyze 330 non-financial companies listed on the PSX between 2010 and 2025 using panel data techniques. The results indicate that companies adopting prospector and analyzer strategies tend to have positive effects on sustainable performance across all metrics. In contrast, the defender strategy shows somewhat weaker but still beneficial impacts. On the contrary, companies following a reactor strategy tend to achieve lower performance outcomes. The analysis also reveals that available and potential resources play a role in translating the benefits of proactive and hybrid strategies into sustainable performance. In contrast, recoverable resources indicate inefficiency and reduce value creation. In conclusion, the findings suggest that strategic choices alone are insufficient; achieving better performance hinges on how effectively companies manage their internal resources. This study adds to the field of strategic management by breaking down surplus resources and illustrating their unique intermediary functions in an emerging market setting. It also offers practical insights for managers aiming to enhance profitability and market value through coherent strategic planning and efficient resource utilization.